The Second Sphere

Regenerative surgery

Aesthetic and reconstructive surgery are usually taught as separate worlds. Regenerative technique is what makes them one practice — the same biology serves both.

The Atomium, Brussels
The idea

Most of what a plastic surgeon does is move tissue — lift it, transfer it, close a gap with it. Regenerative technique asks a different question: not where tissue should go, but whether the tissue that is already there can be made to behave better.

The tools are largely the patient’s own. Fat, and the stromal cell population that lives within it, can be harvested, processed and returned in different forms depending on what is needed — structural fat where volume is missing, nanofat where the surface of the skin is the problem. The same thinking governs how a scar is managed: influencing how a wound matures rather than only excising what it produced.

This is what connects the two ends of the practice. The approach that helps a burn scar soften is the approach that sustains a facelift result. Reconstruction and aesthetics stop being different disciplines and become the same one, applied to different problems.

What is and is not known

Regenerative is a much-abused word

Fat grafting and its derivatives are established surgical technique with a sound biological basis. But the field attracts overclaiming, and the long-term outcome data is thinner than for procedures that have been measured for decades. What is offered here is technique with a rationale and a track record — not a promise of rejuvenation, and not a stem-cell cure. If a claim sounds too good, it is worth asking what evidence sits behind it.

In practice

Where it is used

Nanofat grafting
Emulsified fat placed superficially to influence skin quality — texture, under-eye discolouration, the surface of a mature scar. Developed by Dr. Tonnard and Dr. Verpaele in Ghent.
Structural fat grafting
Intact fat transferred to restore volume where it has been lost — in the face, or over a reconstructed contour.
Scar modulation
Changing how a scar matures rather than only revising it — tension management, and the adjuncts studied under Dr. Rei Ogawa in Tokyo.
Keloid management
Treatment and prevention of keloid scarring, part of the fellowship training completed under Dr. Rei Ogawa at Nippon Medical School, Tokyo — approached through steroid plasters, surgery, laser and radiotherapy depending on presentation.
Tissue support in reconstruction
Regenerative adjuncts used alongside flap and microsurgical reconstruction, including in lymphedema work — indicated for scars, lymphedema, and tissue fibrosis from energy-based devices or radiation.

Discuss whether this is right for you

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φ Dr. Pacifico Cruz Board-certified plastic surgeon — reconstructive microsurgery and aesthetic facial rejuvenation.
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© 2026 Dr. Pacifico Cruz, MD. Information on this site is for general purposes and does not constitute medical advice.